In 1992, President George H.W. Bush and 107 other heads of state adopted a series of environmental agreements at the Earth Summit in Rio, Brazil, including the UNFCCC framework, which is still in force today. The international treaty aims to prevent dangerous human intervention in the planet`s climate systems in the long term. The Pact does not set limit values for greenhouse gas emissions for individual countries and does not contain enforcement mechanisms, but rather establishes a framework for international negotiations on future agreements or protocols to set binding emission targets. Participating countries meet annually at a Conference of the Parties (COP) to assess their progress and continue discussions on how best to tackle climate change. A study published in 2018 reports a threshold where temperatures could rise to 4 or 5 degrees above the pre-industrial level (ambiguous expression, continuity would be “4-5 °C”), thanks to self-concretizing feedbacks in the climate system, indicating that this threshold is below the 2 degree target set in the Paris Climate Agreement. Study author Katherine Richardson points out, “We find that, in its history, the Earth has never had a near-stable state about 2°C warmer than pre-industrial and we suggest that there is a considerable risk that the system itself, because of all these other processes, will want,” even if we stop emissions. This doesn`t just mean reducing emissions, but much more. [96] The long-term objective of the Paris Agreement is to keep the increase in global average temperature well below 2°C (3.6°F) above pre-industrial levels; and continue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C (2.7°F), which will significantly reduce the risks and effects of climate change. This should be done by reducing emissions as quickly as possible in order to “achieve, in the second half of the twenty-first century, a balance between anthropogenic emissions from sources and greenhouse gas reductions from sinks”. It also aims to increase the parties` ability to adapt to the negative effects of climate change and to “reconcile financial flows with a path towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development”. The Eiffel Tower in Paris, lit in green to celebrate the entry into force of the Paris Agreement, the most ambitious agreement on climate change in history, on 4 November 2016 (Photo: Jean-Baptiste Gurliat/Paris City Hall) Since the adoption of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change in 1992, Turkey has been more dependent on fossil fuels, including coal. to meet the growing demand for energy.. .
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